Electricity is the most important form of energy which is used widely. From Electricity generation to Electricity utilization, Total process is maintained by powerful Electrical machines such that Generators, Transformers & Motors.
This total process starts from generation & Electrical Generators are the source, Generating the power !
ELECTRICAL GENERATORS
Mechanical power comes from sources like Diesel Engine, Petrol Engine, Turbines and Bio Fuel Engine. These mechanical power sources produces rotational motion which rotates alternator in along. Alternator is a part which converts rotational mechanical power into an Electrical power.
Alternator has two sections, ‘Stator’ & ‘Rotor’. Both the sections contains winding. Rotor is directly coupled with mechanical source. When the rotor starts rotating, an external power source excites the rotor’s winding. This results in a potential difference that gets generated across the stator’s winding. When load get connected across the stator’s winding, Current starts flowing through the winding.
Power stations are situated far away from consumers. Hence, generated power needed to be transmitted to long distances. But due to line losses, Generated voltage is not enough for long distance transmission. That’s why to Step up the voltage for transmission, Transformers are utilized.
TRANSFORMERS
Generally, Transformer has two sides primary & secondary. Both the sides have winding. When power supply is get applied across the primary winding, Electrical power get generated at secondary side.
Both primary and secondary windings are not connected directly to each other. Instead, they are magnetically coupled through common silicon steel stamping. Voltage & current parameters on both sides are adjustable. Nonetheless, power and frequency on both sides remains the same.
In transformer, Voltage can easily be adjusted on secondary side through winding configuration. In power transmission, Transformers are configured to step up the voltage so that power easily get transferred to long distances.
At substation, Transformers are utilized to reduce high voltage to distribution level. It is then further stepped down to consumable voltage level.
Finally, At consumer level, Electrical machines like Electrical Motors consumes Electrical power.
ELECTRICAL MOTOR
Electrical Motor like Induction motor, Has two sections stator & rotor. Stator holds the winding, Across which power supply is connected. While Rotor do not have any winding.
When stator’s winding get power supply, Rotor starts rotating & mechanical power is get generated.
FARADAY LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Faraday law of Electromagnetic Induction states-” An EMF get generated inside the conductor, When changing magnetic field links with it.“
There are two methods to generated the changing magnetic field, That are;
- Electromagnet energized from an alternating current produces a changing magnetic field.
- It can be produced by moving the magnetic field around a conductor or vice-versa.
Both the phenomenon’s which are responsible for Electromagnetic Induction, are discussed through a GIF below :
The first phenomenon; Electromagnet energized from an alternating current. This is known as transformer EMF & transformer is the best example for it.
Basic transformer which contains primary & secondary winding. When a changing power supply or AC power gets connected across the primary, It generates an Electromagnetic field which is changing with respect to the time. This field further links with the secondary winding through common silicon steel stamping. Which results EMF get generated in the secondary winding.
A GIF below shows the working of Transformer emf:
When a load get connected across the secondary, A current starts flowing through the secondary side of transformer. Due to changing power, the secondary side also generates a changing magnetic field. This field further links back with the magnetic field of the primary. This changing magnetic field interaction from both the sides is known as mutual induction.
Second phenomenon, which is known as rotational EMF. The conductor moves between the magnetic field, or the magnetic field rotates around the conductor. This movement creates the phenomenon of a changing magnetic field. Which is explained through a GIF below:
In this GIF, there is a type of electromagnet. It contains winding on its outer periphery. It is hollow and empty at the center. On another side, a solenoid coil is winded in a cylindrical shape whose two end terminals are connected to a volt meter
Further, When this solenoid coil moves in between the Electromagnet, A Voltage is get generated around the conductor’s terminals.
SUMMARY
- From Electricity generation to Electricity utilization, Total process is maintained by powerful Electrical machines such that Generators, Transformers & Motors.
- Generator is an Electromechanical machine which converts mechanical power into an Electrical power.
- In Generators, Mechanical power comes from sources like Diesel Engine, Petrol Engine, Turbines and Bio Fuel Engine. These mechanical power sources produces rotational motion which rotates alternator in along. Alternator is a part which converts rotational mechanical power into an Electrical power.
- Transformer is a static machine which transfers Electrical power from one circuit to another circuit.
- Generally, Transformer has two sides primary & secondary. Both the sides have winding. When power supply is get applied across the primary winding, Electrical power get generated at secondary side.
- In transformers, Voltage & current parameters on both sides are adjustable. Nonetheless, power and frequency on both sides remains the same.
- Electrical Motor converts electrical power into mechanical power. & Mechanical power can be a type of motion, rotational or linear.
- Electrical Motor like Induction motor, Has two sections stator & rotor. Stator holds the winding, Across which power supply is connected. While Rotor do not have any winding.
- When stator’s winding get power supply, Rotor starts rotating & mechanical power is get generated.
- Generators, Transformers & Motors. All these machines are working on the principle of Faraday law of Electromagnetic Induction.
- Faraday law of Electromagnetic Induction states-” An EMF get generated inside the conductor, When changing magnetic field links with it.“
- There are two methods to generated the changing magnetic field, That are; Electromagnet energized from an alternating current produces a changing magnetic field. It can be produced by moving the magnetic field around a conductor or vice-versa.